outdoor nbc chimes installations

To: Major Lenox R. Lohr
From: Clay Morgan
Date: June 24, l938
Subject: NBC Chime Signature

As advised you verbally, we are now arranging
to have installed somewhere in or about the Sunken
Plaza in Rockefeller Center (at a spot deemed best
by the engineers, but probably in the International
Building) the necessary apparatus which will permit
the sound of the NBC Chime signature exactly on the
hour so that it can be heard anywhere in the Sunken
Plaza and vicinity.

After considerable negotiation by Mr. James, he has
finally secured the approval of the Building Management
through Mr. Lawrence A. Kirkland, and of the Union News
Company which operates the open air restaurant in the
Sunken Plaza.

This is being done at a cost of $530 as estimated,
though Mr. James tells me this morning that we are
running into some union complications which may add
up to another $l00 on the cost.


			    Clay Morgan

CM-a
CC- EPH James
    W.J.Randall

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To: Mr B F McClancy
From: O B Hanson
Date: July 20th l938


	  We have been requested by Sales Promotion to
supply NBC Chimes to a P A System located at the Inter-
national Building Clock.

	  Will you arrange to order a radio circuit be-
tween our MDF and a point in the International Bldg to
be designated by our Audio Facilities Group.


				      O B Hanson
cc - Messrs Dolan
            Rackey



cg

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Press Release

		DAILY NEWS REPORT
	  NATIONAL BROADCASTING COMPANY
	RCA Building  Radio City  New York

		August l0, l938


	  NBC'S FAMOUS MELODIC CHIMES
	  TO BE "BIG BEN" OF NEW YORK

      The NBC chimes, most famous of musical trade marks, will begin
sounding the hour tomorrow (Thursday, August ll) for the thousands of
New Yorkers and out-of-town visitors who daily pass through Radio City
and the adjacent plaza and walks of Rockefeller Center.
      Synchronized with one of the large ornamental clocks overlooking
the Sunken Plaza, the familiar chimes, which have identified the two
networks of the National Broadcasting Company for more than a decade,
will mark each hour between 8 a.m. and l a.m. for all in the vicinity
of Radio City.
      Only recently extended to uses outside radio, the chimes have
already been adopted by three large American railroads.  For several
weeks travelers on the Baltimore and Ohio and Alton systems have been
called to meals in the dining cars by the sound of the melodious chimes.
This week they were adopted by the New York Central Railroad for the
same purpose, and l50 sets of hand-operated chimes are now being plac-
ed in service on that road.
      To make the chimes sound in the streets above Radio City, a
system has been set up including a loudspeaker, three small clocks, and
the large ornamental clock in the south facade of the International
Building.  The loudspeaker is installed behind the grille of the clock
face, where two of the smaller clocks also are located.
      The first of these small clocks turns on the chime system at
eight o'clock in the morning and shuts it off at one o'clock the follow-
ing morning. The second, a subsidiary control, switches on the loud-
speaker a few minutes before the hour and cuts it out immediately after
the chimes have sounded.
      The chimes themselves are located in NBC's main equipment room
in Radio City, several hundred feet away.  They are controlled by a
third clock, one of those used in timing the operations of NBC's two
nationwide networks.  On the hour contacts are closed, a relay is tripp-
ed, and the electrical chimes are set in action.  They are entirely
automatic, electrically driven on the principle of the old fashioned
music box.  Each chime consists of eight separate metal reeds, plucked
simultaneously by rows of pins mounted on a revolving drum.  The com-
posite of a fundamental with seven harmonics produces a full, bell-
like tone.  Two other sets of reeds sound at one-second intervals.
      No microphone is used to transmit the chimes.  Each of the metal
reeds, and a strip of metal that parallels it, forms a small condenser.
The vibrations of the reed vary the capacity of the condenser. These
variations, electrical counterparts of sounds produced by the vibrating
reeds, will operate the loudspeaker system behind the grille of the
plaza clock just as they produce the NBC chime signal in millions of
American homes every day.

                                 - - -

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The following clipping was mounted on a card titled “From NBC Press Department Information Service—Ext 571”.
The clipping is from the August 12, 1938 edition of Radio Daily.

 	  NBC CHIMES NOW HEARD BY RADIO CITY CROWDS

  Yesterday was the day.  NBC inaugurated its chime service to patrons
of Rockefeller Center at 8 a.m. yesterday.  Chimes will be rung every-
hour-on-the-hour from 8 a.m.-l a.m., daily. E. P. H. James, NBC sales
promotion head, who thought up the idea and followed it through to 
completion is "happy about the whole thing," despite the fact that he
never imagined that such a simple idea could run into so many difficulties.

  Chimes are actually located in the NBC studio, with a loud speaker
relaying its notes to the south facade of the International Bldg., via
telephone lines.  A rheostat controls the volume of the chime signal.

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this press release

To: Mr Lenox Lohr
From: John F. Royal
Date: 8/l3/38


             I have been hearing the chimes
back of the clock, and they sound excellent.
Would you like to carry that idea still further
and put a clock on the RCA Building at the World's
Fair, so that everybody at the Fair will hear the
chimes at l5 minute intervals?

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To: Mr. Vincent Gilcher
From: Clay Morgan
Date: August l5, l938

You are familiar, I presume, with the fact that the NBC Chimes
are now being sounded on the hour from 8 AM to l AM daily
from behind the clock on the 50th Street side of the International
Building, overlooking Rockefeller Plaza.

If it has not already been done, I think it would be well to have
the guides on all Studio Tours instructed to call the attention
of all Tour clients to this fact.  I seem to recall that the
Guides sound the chimes when "showing how sound looks" on the 
9th Floor; this might be the right point at which to call atten-
tion to the hourly chimes in the Plaza.

It would be well also to arrange - if possible - to have the
Guides of the Rockefeller Center Tours call attention of their
clients to this use of our "signal for fine radio entertainment."

Both of these mentions of the chimes, to hundreds of thousands of
visitors to the RCA building annually, will add to the prestige
of NBC.

				[initialed] Clay Morgan

CTM-s

CC- Mr. Thurman
    Mr. Martin
    Mr. Lohr
    Mr. Randall
    Mr. James

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To: Mr. Emmons C Carlson - Chicago
From: E P H James
Date: August l7th l938

	  As you have no doubt heard, we now have NBC Chimes
striking once an hour in the Sunken Plaza at Rockefeller Center.
This has been received so well that I see no further reason for
delaying the installation of a similar device on your building.
The Engineering Department advises me that you have the chime
equipment available, and that it is a comparatively simple
operation for your engineers, in cooperation with the building
electricians and the telephone company, to install the necessary
equipment.  For details they should consult the New York Engineer-
ing Department, who have worked out the complete plan of operation.

	  While I have no means of knowing exactly what it will
cost you, due to differences in union scales, I believe that the
sum of around $500 will cover you.  If there is no suitable out-
side clock on or near your building, I suggest that you simply
have a huge loud-speaker placed on the roof so that it will sound
all over the surrounding neighborhood.  Our plan here is to sound
these chimes once an hour, on the hour, but eventually we hope to
do this a little more frequently - certainly every half hour.  The
publicity value is so great that it seems to be your office should
be able to make a special appropriation to cover the expense, if
you are unable to take care of it out of your regular promotion
budget.


			    E P H James

ephj em
8 l7

SAME MEMORANDUM SENT TO:

MR CHARLES B BROWN

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To: Mr Clay Morgan
From: V J Gilcher
Date: August l8 l938

I think your idea about having the tour guides mention
the NBC chimes in the Plaza is a good one and we are
putting it into effect immediately.  Guest Relations
will also contact Rockefeller Center to see if we can
get their guides to mention them also.

I shall let you know how we make out on the matter.

				V J Gilcher

L

cc  Mr Lohr
    Mr Thurman

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To: Mr. E. P. H. James - New York
From: Emmons C. Carlson
Date: 8/l9/l938


I was glad to receive your letter in which you suggested
that we have chimes installed here in the Merchandise
Mart in the same manner that you had them installed in
Radio City.  I had already recommended that very thing
to Mr. Trammell about a week ago, so I forwarded him
your note to add weight to the suggestion.  He, however,
upon receipt of my memorandum said he thought the idea
was a very good one and was going to take immediate steps
to put it into effect if it were at all possible to do so.
I will let you know as soon as there are any definite
developments.

Thank you for the suggestion and kindest regards.

			[Signed] Emmons C. Carlson
ECC/AEW

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To: Mr Vernon Pribble - Cleveland
From: E P H James
Date: August l7th, l938
Subject: NBC Chimes

	  You will recall that about a year ago I suggested that
you have the NBC chimes ringing loud and long above the new
building for WTAM - especially if you can arrange to put a large
neon clock face on the electric sign foundation, which is already
built on your roof.

	  You will be interested to know that I have at last been
able to get the chimes installed in Rockefeller Plaza, and they
have proved [sic] to be such a success that I once more bring up the
suggestion that you get busy and have the necessary loudspeaker
equipment placed on your building.  I am convinced that it would
be fine promotion and fully worth the special appropriation which
will be necessary.

	  The New York Engineering Department can give your boys
full details on the equipment and the general plan of operation.

	  Best regards.



			      E P H James
ephj em
8 l7

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To: Mr E P H James - New York
From: Vernon H Pribble - Cleveland
Date: August l9 l938
Subject: NBC CHIMES


Dear Jimmie:

Many thanks for your note on the NBC Chimes.  I can assure you we
are heartily in accord with this type of promotion and sincerely
hope we will be able to put it into effect as soon as possible.
The subject of the sign has been up for some time and being con-
sidered in New York at present, but am doubtful after seeing
costs that were just submitted in the past few days.  Old Man
Economy may make it advisable and necessary for us to postpone
such an installation for some several months.

Am glad to hear you were able to get this splendid idea through
for Rockefeller Center and know definitely such an installation
in Cleveland will help carry out an identification of the company
and it would be great if we could eventually extend it to all of
our outlets from coast to coast.

	   With best regards.


			[Signed] Vernon H Pribble

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To: Mr O B Hanson
From: E P H James
Date: September 2, l938
Subject: NBC Chimes


	  I have received suggestions from various people for the
extension of the chime promotion and I feel that some of them at least
are worth looking into.  I should appreciate your investigating for me
the practicality and cost of carrying out various extensions of the
chime installation which we now have in the Plaza.  What we eventually
do will be subject to negotiations with the Rockefeller Center people
and others concerned, but I should like some guidance from you as to
the cost of various proposals which have been made, as follows:

  l.  Adding a striking mechanism which will strike the hour after
      the regular chime signal.

  2.  Installing a powerful loud speaker on the roof of the RCA
      Building or some other suitable vantage point, which will
      permit the chimes to be heard on the Sixth Avenue side of
      the building and also make them audible in many offices in
      the building itself which are not within ear-shot of the
      present chimes in the Plaza.

  3.  Setting up a distinct and separate mechanism which will permit
      the tones of the last note of the chimes to resonate a fraction
      longer instead of stopping quickly.  I refer to this because I 
      understand that the chime we use is held ready for emergency
      use on the network, and the resonations of the last note are
      abruptly killed in order to cut down the time taken to ring the
      chimes.  This impairs the full effectiveness of the chimes in the
      Plaza.

  4.  Further loud speaker installation, controlled perhaps from the
      same striking apparatus, in such places as Grand Central Station
      and Pennsylvania Station.

  5.  Simpler and cheaper installations for other NBC stations, possibly
      in the form of a striking clock rather than the special apparatus
      used for the network chimes.  This purpose might be served by a fairly in-
      expensive unit which will amplify a standard hand chime such as you
      used before developing the present mechanical system.


                                     E P H James

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To: Mr O B Hanson - Hollywood
From: C A Rackey
Date: September 9th, l938
Subject: Memo - E P H James to O B Hanson
          Re NBC Chimes on Loudspeakers


	  As you know, I have given considerable thought lately to
the subject of NBC chimes, particularly from a broadcasting or net-
work standpoint.  However, various things which I have learned about
the general subject, enable me to make definite suggestions in con-
nection with Mr James' requirements.

	  In the first place, an outdoor chimes system should be en-
tirely separate from any broadcasting apparatus.  Secondly, a multi-
ple-reed type of chime such as the Rangertone should not be considered.
We should use instead, the single reed chime arrangements as developed
by RCA, which are superior in every way except in the matter of rapid
damping of the sustained tones.  However, that is no disadvantage
in our case since I agree with Mr James that the sustained notes in
the case of outdoor chimes will be more pleasing.

	  The single reed chimes, various reliable striker mechanisms,
amplifiers, and loudspeakers are all available as standard factory
made equipment.  They can be ordered as such and installed with a mini-
mum of confusion and delay and will not involve our broadcasting cir-
cuits in any way.  An average complete installation giving the same
sound power output as the one in the Plaza can be installed almost
anywhere for between $700 and $800.  (Equipment space rental if nec-
essary is not included).  For locations atop buildings or any other
cases where greater sound power is required, it can be obtained by
additional amplification and larger loudspeakers, involving an extra
expenditure varying according to the amount of power required.

	  Within a few weeks, RCA have promised to provide me with a
sample of their chimes reeds which I will arrange for demonstra-
tion.  In the meantime, I am answering all inquiries about this
matter by requesting that they wait until we obtain your decision
in this matter.


					      C A Rackey

cc - Mr G McElrath
     Mr E P H James

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To: Mr. E P H James
From: C A Rackey
Date: January l9, l939

	  In connection with your scheme to use NBC chimes for out-
door advertising, I suggested some time ago that standard RCA carillon
reeds might be used.  Since that time we have been cooperating with
RCA toward development of a chimes mechanism which would be suitable
for broadcasting use and, considering the two functions, Mr La Prade
is of the opinion that the advertising chimes should be closely similar
in quality as wel as pitch to those we use, or shall use, on the air.
Otherwise, as he points out, the listener might not always associate
the one with the other.  In addition, the carillon or bell quality is
not in itself distinctive and it can more readily be duplicated by
others in case the latter is a consideration.

	  Therefore at this time it seems that changes in the present
RCA chimes mechanism will require about two more months and some addi-
tional time for manufacture if we decide to use it.  However, when the 
new model is complete I think that, even if it is decided not quite
suitable for use on the air, it will at least be sufficiently close to
our required quality so that there will be no doubt about its use for
advertising purposes.

	  For the present, the existing broadcasting chimes can be used
with any scheme of sound projection in the vicinity of the following 
studio plants: New York, Washington, Cleveland, Chicago, Hollywood,
and San Francisco. An average complete installation of approximately
the same sound power as the present one in the Plaza can be installedd
at any of the above locations for approximately $700 including hour
strike.  Building top locations require large loudspeakers and amplifiers
and will cost more.  The RCA chimes mechanism, when available, will cost
about $l00 and clock, hour strike, and contactor equipment will cost 
$l00 to $200 additional.  These prices will vary, depending on quantity.

	  Concerning the present Plaza Chimes, a change of location to
the top of the British Building with coverage of the Plaza and some
coverage of nearby 5th Avenue will involve an additional cost of $750.
including hour strike.

	  For the present it is proposed to use just one additional
loudspeaker, one mounted on the "alley" side of the British or French
Building and pointing toward Fifth Avenue, the other to remain in its
present location to assocate the chimes with the clock.  The new
locations must be approved, of course, by Rockefeller Center.  An
installation operating within the Grand Central or Pennsylvania
Station radius from present chimes mechanism with hour strike will
cost about $700 plus telephone line rental charges of $20 to $25
per month.

	  Concerning the entire general problem, it would be helpful
to us if you could furnish us with some forecast of probably activi-
ties thisyear considering both chimes in the vicinity of the divi-
sion points mentioned above and installations remote from those points.
Other than that, we can furnish you estimates on any particular set-
up that you request.



				[signed] C A Rackey


cc:  Messrs O B Hanson
	    G McElrath
	    H C Luttgens

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 						January 25  l939


Mr Merle Crowell
Rockefeller Center Inc
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York  New York

Dear Merle:

	  As you know, we are holding down the power on the loud-
speaker through which the chimes are heard from behind the clock
over the Savings Bank entrance of the International Building. This
is to avoid disturbing the clerical force in the bank and surround-
ing offices.  As a result, they are not heard clearly beyond the
immediate vicinity of the Plaza, and of course do not begin to com-
pare in volume with the bells from St Patrick's Cathedral of St
Thomas' Church.

	  We have been thinking of ways to increase the range of
these chimes with out causing the slightest annoyance to nearby office
workers, and it has been suggested that, if agreeable to the manage-
ment of Rockefeller Center, we might achieve this object by mounting
a loudspeaker on the roof of the British Empire Building or the
French Building, on the side nearest to the Cascades.

	  The idea would be to have this loudspeaker pointing in the 
direction of Fifth Avenue, and since it would be synchronized exactly
with the chimes now ringing from behind the clock, the effect would
be merely to amplify the sound so that it would be audible to passers-
by on Fifth Avenue, without greatly increasing the volume of sound
in the Plaza or its immediate surroundings.

	  I believe that we have demonstrated that these chimes add
to the features of interest and convenience of Rockefeller Center,
without the slightest offense to anyone, and we should be most appre-
ciative of the full approval of the management in our project to
extend its effectiveness in the direction of Fifth Avenue.

	  With best regards, I am
				    Sincerely yours,



ephj lmw
l 25

The version we have is an unsigned carbon copy.

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter

Handwritten note:

Tested extra speakers on 11th floor RCA bldg. Better but not sufficient to justify cost as compared with increasing frequency of chimes from 1 hour to 1/2 hour basis—also adding hour strike mechanism.

Former being done (if requs. are approved by Ctr)—latter awaits delivery of mechanism from RCA.

4/5/39
[initials ligature, possibly EJ]

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this note

To: Mr E P H James
From: C A Rackey
Date: May 22nd l939
Subject: NBC Outdoor Chimes

	  During the past several months we have been trying to obtain a sat-
isfactory model of an NBC chimes machine from RCA which would cost under $l00.
The present one we use is made by an outside firm and costs about $500. Thus
far, progress has been very slow, but they do have a scheme, within our price
range, which would probably be suitable if further proper development could be
applied to it.  This is, and has been, the chief difficulty, since RCA is un-
willing to do more than some spare time work on a device for which they have
no definite order and for which, at best, the market is very limited.

	  In the meantime, our own Development Group has devised an acceptable
chimes machine using vacuum tubes only, which would probably come within the
price range of the RCA model, perhaps slightly higher.  That, therefore, is
another possibility.  We could decide which machine to use at the time action
was required.

	  The above machines provide merely the original chimes signal.  The
following equipment must be added to either of them:-

  l - A timing mechanism, with or without an hour strike feature.
  2 - A loudspeaker, size determined by coverage required.
  3 - An amplifier system, size determined by size of loudspeaker.

	  The cost of an average installation, providing coverage similar to
the one we have at Radio City, would be around $700.  Coverage as given by a
church or similar type carillon would be more costly, about $500 to $l,000
additional.  With the new chimes machine available, such an installation could
be made anywhere, independent of the regular chimes machines which are avail-
able at the main NBC Division plants.

	  If the new chimes machine is out of the picture, the outdoor chimes
can still be installed, for about the same price, at the following NBC offices
which have regular chimes facilities; Chicago, Cleveland, Washington, Holly-
wood, and San Francisco.  An hour strike could be installed, if desired, by
using one of the standard RCA carillon reeds and an appropriate timing mechanism.

	  At locations remote from the NBC offices, but in the same cities,
commections for operation from the local Control Room could be provided by
leased telephone lines.

	  The chimes striking device made up by the KYW staff out of miscellaneous
spare parts seemed to solve their problem.  However, with a proper amplifier
and loudspeaker system, plus the type of installation required in most other
locations, this portion of the equipment represents only about l5% of the total
cost.  Besides, to duplicate it in the small quantity we require would cost
about the same as the mechanisms we are considering, while the quality of note
would be inferior.

	  We have supplied information concerning these chimes installations
to Chicago, Hollywood, Cleveland, and Washington.  Latest reports indicate
little to no progress in Hollywood, Washington, and Cleveland, but some pro-
gress in Chicago.  There the matter is tied up with negotiations with the
Mart people concerning exterior clock design, sharing expenses, etc.

	  This sums up the situation at present.  While we shall continue to
work with RCA on the chimes problem, further definite action requires specific
orders or commitments from NBC.


					[signed] C A Rackey


cc - Messrs O B Hanson
	    G McElrath
	    L Wailes
	    E LaPrade
	    R M Morris

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To:  Mr E P H James
From: C A Rackey
Date: May 22nd l939



	  In case you are interested, we could add an
hour strike to our Plaza chimes set-up for about $l00.


		[signed] C A Rackey

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter

Handwritten note:

Call Rackey & Crowell re Hour Strike

Gillette Sign Times Sq.—Arrange Eng. Dept for chimes to go all day & all night.

---

                     5/23
Morgan today approved. Said he would spend $100 for the hour strike & 15 a month for telephone lines & take chimes over to Times Sq.

MC

Note: “Morgan” refers to Clay Morgan, referenced elsewhere in correspondence regarding the outdoor NBC Chimes.

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this note

To: Mr E P H James
From: C A Rackey
Date: June 8th l939
Subject: NBC Outdoor Chimes - Times Square


	  The attached estimate totalling $250 covers cost
of installing equipment for furnishing NBC chimes signals and
a time strike to the loudspeakers associated with the Douglas
Leigh sign at Times Square.  The program will consist of NBC
chimes every fifteen minutes, time strike hourly.

	  The time striking arrangement which you ordered
for the Plaza will be altered to provide the chimes impulse
every fifteen minutes.  An additional charge of approximately
$40 is involved to which we assume you will have no objection
since it is an advantage to have this feature available
whether or not we use it at Times Square.


			[signed] C A Rackey

cc - Messrs O B Hanson
	    T H Phelan





							l76
						 6/7/39
						  48l
   CHIMES EXTENSION TO GILLETTE SIGN, TIMES SQUARE
						  l      l
						       CAB-THP

Assuming hour strike and clock mechanism installed.

l - Control Relays, mounting plate, etc.	   $	50.00

2 - Amp & shelf					       l25.00

3 - Wire & cable					25.00

4 - Blocks, misc. fittings, etc.			25.00

5 - Contingency						25.00


Telephone Circuit:
	
	Install						20.00

	Rental - $l2.96/month		


This assumes equalization by sign people if necessary.

				
						      $270.00

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter and estimate

To: Mr Ken R Dyke
From: E P H James
Date: July 25, l939
Subject: Automobile Horns with NBC Chime Tones


	  I rather like Mr Shawn's idea, and it occurs to me
that we might be able to start something like this without
involving ourselves in any direct expense, unless we wish to
buy a few for our own purposes.  In any case, I have asked the
Purchasing Department to investigate the possibilities by
contacting the manufacturer of the horns used on the trolley
buses at the New York World's Fair which play the tune of
"The Sidewalks Of New York."

	  As for the chimes on the roof of the Washington station,
this is simply a development of the chimes which I had installed
in the Plaza here.  We have been trying to get a similar arrange-
ment at each one of our offices, and the RCA Manufacturing Company
is supposed to have been developing some apparatus which would be
relatively simple and inexpensive.  They have been working on this
for many months, and the latest report is that they would require
a relatively large sum to make the first model.  In the meantime,
at least two of our offices are equipped with home-made apparatus,
which the engineers have put together in their spare time.  I 
understand that Lee Wailes is following this maatter through with
the Engineering Department, and I turned over my correspondence
to him for this purpose.


					E P H James
ej O
7 25

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		  DOUGLAS LEIGH INC.
	     ANIMATED OUTDOOR ADVERTISING
     45 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, NEW YORK  CIrcle 6-6l55


					July 27, l939

Mr. E. P. H. James,
National Broadcasting Co.,
RCA Building,
New York City.

Dear Mr. James:

Just a word to remind you that we still have the per-
mission of Gillette to use NBC official chimes on the
Broadway electric sign.

I hope your engineers are making quite some progress
on the device.

		Sincerely yours,

		DOUGLAS LEIGH, INC.

		[signed] Douglas Leigh

			President.

DBL:hgf

Note: There are numerous progress notes jotted down across the bottom of this letter,
dated from Aug 4, 1939 through Jan 15, 1940.

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Press Release

	     NBC TRADE NEWS SERVICE
	RCA Building  Radio City  New York

		April 25, l940


	  CHIMES WHICH AREN'T THERE
	     RING IN TIMES SQUARE

      	The little man who wasn't there now has a musical companion
in the chimes which sound the hour from the giant Gilette clock over-
looking the statue of Father Duffy in Times Square.
	For although the chimes strike the hour and are then heard in
the familiar bing! bong! bing! on every quarter hour, there is nothing
to strike, and no bells to ring. And it's not done with mirrors.  In
fact, the chimes are not really chimes at all, but amplified oscilla-
tions in radio tube circutes.
	The chimes, which are expected to be to Time  Square crowds
what Big Ben is to Londoners, began their musical time-signal yesterday
(Saturday, April 27) at 5:00 p.m.  Invented by J. L. Hathaway, an NBC
engineer, the notes heard throughout the Times Square section are pro-
duced through the vibration of electrons in a series of radio tubes.
	Each note has a vacuum tube adjusted, by means of inductance
and capacity, to vibrate at a definite musical frequency.  A master
clock hand makes a contact and Note Number One is heard, then Number
Two, then Number Three.  According to Dr. O. H. Caldwell, editor of
"Radio Today", who listened to tests of the new instrument; each of the
three notes is a rich, tone with some harmonics which heighten the
musical relish.
	Through arrangements completed between NBC and Douglas Leigh, 
America's sign king, an amplifier is situated in the gigantic Gillette
clock on the Northeast corner of 47th St. and 7th Ave., New York City.
	A line runs to the sign from the Radio City studios where
the electronic chimes, no larger than a small radio set, are located.
The notes are actuated by a small master clock in Radio City which
trips a control, starting the chimes.
	The Gillette clock, which dominates Duffy Square, has a
giant swinging pendulum, marked out in neon tubing.  Leigh, its
inventor, looks upon it as one of his sign masterpieces.  The amplifier,
located midway in the stell frame which supports the clock, booms
forth the notes which have a tonal radius of approximately l0 blocks.
	The idea of a Times Square rival to Big Ben belongs to an
Englishman, E. P. H. James, Advertising Manager of NBC.  When James
broached the idea to Engineer Hathaway, the latter was working on
chime notes which could be produced without any motors or any mechanical-
ly moving parts.  The successful completeion of Hathaway's work first
was marked when the electronic chimes were installed in the huge clock
located in the International Building, Radio City.
	The new chimes differ sharply from the old type still in use
on the networks, which produces the initial sounds from steel reeds
plucked by a rotating cylinder.  Under the old system, the three notes
heard are made up of eight partial notes.  These 24 partials are tuned
to perfection by an oscilloscope and standard frequency oscillator.
Tuning of new chimes is vastly simplified in that it is impossible for
the individual notes to get out of tune, and initial tuning is
accomplished by simple electrical adjustments.
	The sound of the NBC chimes sequence, according to Dr.
Caldwell, is the melody played most frequently in this country.  Dr.
Caldwell estimates that the average radio set is used at least four
hours daily, with the chimes ringing in the ears of the average listener
at least l6 times a day.
	"Out of the United States' present 44-million radios," Dr. 
Caldwell says, "we will have at least 35 million sets in use four hours
a day, and hearing the NBC chimes probably sixteen times daily.  That
means the NBC chimes will be heard 500 million times each day. Or
about 20 billion times a year.  In this compilation, the many millions
of times the NBC chimes are heard daily on short-wave programs reaching 
Europe and South America are not included.
	"Twenty billion 'plugs' a year is enough to make any theme
song or 'musical trademark' the best-known sound sequence on the planet!"
	The NBC chimes have found a wide variety of uses in the years
they have been NBC's trademark.  They have been used, for example, to
call diners on boats and in railroad trains, and to mark the passing of
the hours not only in Radio City but in Chicago's immense Merchandise
Mart.

				- - - 

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this press release

To: Mr Niles Trammell
From: E P H James
Date: April 30, l940
Subject: NBC CHIMES IN TIMES SQUARE


     On Saturday, Aril 27th, at 5 pm we announced the installation
of NBC Chimes on the large Gillette clock at 47th Street and Broad-
way, facing Father Duffy's statue in Times Square.  These chimes
ring every fifteen minutes, and on the hour we have an additional
note which strikes the hour itself.

     This is a cooperative arrangement which I have made with Douglas
Leigh, the operator of the sign.  It costs NBC only about $l2 a month
for the telephone line which connects the amplifiers on the sign with
the electronic chime equipment on our fifth floor here in Radio City.

     I have been working on this development for more than a year
past, following the successful installation of chimes on the clock
in the International Building overlooking the Plaza.  I understand
that similar equipment is being installed in the Merchandise Mart and
I have suggested to Mr Morgan that we try to get the NBC Chimes sounded
every fifteen minutes over the amplifying system of the New York World's
Fair.

     It is my thought that our chimes should be applied to public clocks
in every city where we have equipment to provide fifteen minute service.

     Attached is a copy of the script of Saturday's radio program, ar-
ranged by Clay Morgan, in which we inaugurated the first ringing of
the chimes in Times Square.


				E P H James

cc Messrs Dyke
	  Witmer
	  Morgan

Note: the script was not preserved in the Library of Congress Chimes File.

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter

To: Mr Ken R Dyle
From: E P H James
Date: April l7, l94l
Subject: PUBLIC EXPLOITATION OF NBC CHIMES


     Answering your request for a brief history of the use of our chimes in
various cities, the first time I suggested their use was when we were build-
int the new studios in Cleveland, which must have been in l936 or l937.
There was a skeleton framework on the roof of the building, left from a
large electric sign used by the previous occumant, and it was proposed to
place a neon clock on this sign, bearing the call letters WTAM and the ini-
tials NBC.  When Vernon Pribble was in town talking about their plans for
the new studios, I suggested to him that we have the chimes hooked up with
a large and powerful loud speaker on the roof the building, and synchron-
ized with the clock.  For some reason this idea was not carried out.

     On June 22, l939, I authorized the Engineering Department to go ahead
with the manufacture of special equipment for the clock on the International
Building overlooking Rockefeller Plaza.

     On August l5, l938, the Rockefeller Plaza chimes commenced operation and
I had a memorandum sent out to all branch offices by our Engineering Depart-
ment explaining just how this equipment was designed.  For some reason the
branch office engineers did not take any action at the time, with the ex-
ception of those at KYW who were, I believe, Westinghouse men.  While I have
no record of the date, it must have been toward the end of l938 that chimes
were set up on the KYW studios in Philadelphia operating in synchronization
with the clock on the face of the building.

[NB: This would have been a homebrew machine built by KYW engineers. KYW was owned by Westinghouse and was not an NBC owned network point of origin, and thus KYW would not have a set of the Rangertone NBC Chimes Machine in their possession.]

     On April 27, l940, we officially inaugurated chimes on the Gillette
Razor clock at 47th Street and Broadway.

     On July l, l940, we learned that our Chicago engineers had installed
chimes on the top of the Merchandise Mart.  Apparently this action was the
outcome of the memorandum which had been sent to Chicago on August l7, l938.

     On August l5, l940, we installed chimes on a temporary basis in the main
waiting room of the Grand Central Station.

     On October 7, l940, I wrote to the Hollywood studios and gave them full
details of the equipment we have here in Rockefeller Plaza, with the idea
that they should make a similar installation on the NBC building at Sunset
and Vine.  I do not know whether this suggestion is being acted on or not.

     Summarizing all of the above, we have had the chimes ringing on public
clocks in Rockefeller Plaza, Times Square and Grand Central in New York, the
Merchandise Mart in Chicago and the Westinghouse-KYW Building in Philadelphia.
At present however, the installations at Grand Central and Times Square are
not operative.  We had only temporary equipment in Grand Central and some of
the equipment needs replacing on the Times Square Chimes, involving an ex-
pense which we are not willing to undertake at this time.

     My feeling is that further use of this idea depends entirely on the value
to NBC of the chimes themselves.  If we really want to continue plugging them
as a musical trademark, then I am sure it will not be difficult to have these
chimes installed in many other public clocks.

  			       * * * * * * *

     During the winter of l937-l938 we worked out a deal with NuTone Chimes of
Cincinnati for manufacturing NBC chimes in a table model, making them available
to the public through consumer advertising in "Listen" and selling them through
department stores.  In the period from March l938 to January l94l  we purchased
a total of 4300 table chimes from NuTone and I understand they also sold sev-
eral gross to department stores.

     On July l5, l939, I obtained a "go ahead" to supply table chimes in
quantities to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad for their dining cars. On
August 8 we equipped the New York Central System's dining cars.  Shortly after-
wards the Pennsylvania Railroad and several other railroads and coastal steam-
ship lines were likewise equipped.

     I might add that I have been dickering with Sessions Clock Company with
a view to having electric clocks, suitable for home use, equipped with the
NBC chimes.  So far they have not been very interested, however, because it
would involve the manufacture of several thousand before they could be econ-
omically produced.


					E P H James

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter

To: Mr. H Luttgens
From: C A Rackey
Date: August 20 l94l
Subject: Electrical Chimes


	  Mr McElrath has referred to me your inquiry concerning electrically
operated chimes for sounding NBC chime notes.

	  We have located a firm that can supply this equipment at what we
consider a reasonable price, but we have no experience with this firm or their
products, so cannot guarantee same.  They claim, however, that they use good
material, and if there is any further interest in the matter we will inves-
tigate them more thoroughly.  The device they are willing to make up would
consist of three hanging type tubular chimes, somewhat similar to the doorbell
variety but equipped with an electric motor striking mechanism which will cycle the
three N.B.C. notes.  A single unit can be supplied for $75.00, about two weeks
delivery; $50.00 in lots of l0.

	  I am assuming, of course, that you refer to mechanical-acoustic equip-
ment.  The problem of electrical pick-up and reproduction is much more compli-
cated and will be considerably more costly.

		  Mello-Chime and Signal Company
		  Ch 2-5235	  New York  N Y
	 		Mr L O Naylor

		 Dimensions, ll l/4" x 4" x 55 3/4" 
		    l-l/8" or l l/4" dia tubes



c/c Mr McElrath						C A Rackey

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter

To: Mr. H Luttgens
From: C A Rackey
Date: August 26 l94l


	 	Here is some additional information on inexpensive
chimes unit.  Mr E P H James of Blue Sales has secured one which
was made by the following company:-

		     NuTone Chimes Inc
		     Third and Eggleston Avenue
		     Cincinnati  Ohio

		This one sells for $l2.50 and, as would be expected from
the price, its mechanism is not too reliable.  The striking cycle is
operated by a slow action solenoid with mechanical escapement - no
dash pot - and it has stuck several times during operation.  I believe
a motor operated one would be more reliable.		



					C A Rackey

cc:  Messrs G McElrath
            E P H James

Link to a scan of a photocopy of this letter